JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY STUDIES IN HISTORICAL AND POLITICALSCIENCE

HERBERT B. ADAMS, Editor

NINTH SERIES

IX

THE CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF JAPAN, 1853-1881

BY TOYOKICHI IYENAGA, PH. D.

Professor of Political Science in TokioSenmon-Gakko

September, 1891

CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTORY

CHAP. I. (1853-1868). BEGINNING OF THE CONSTITUTIONALMOVEMENT

THE CIRCUMSTANCES THAT GAVE RISE TO THE MOVEMENT

THE ACCOUNT OF COMMODORE PERRY'S ARRIVAL BY THE AUTHOR OF GENJEYUME MONOGATARI

DISCUSSION BETWEEN THE PRINCE OF MITO AND THE TOKUGAWA OFFICIALSAT THE COURT OF YEDO

CONCLUSION OF TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND JAPAN

THE OLD PRINCE OF MITO, NARIAKI

II KAMON NO KAMI

BOMBARDMENTS OF KAGOSHIMA AND SHIMONOSHEKI

THE EFFECTS OF THE BOMBARDMENT

1. Showed the Weakness of the Daimios and the Strength offoreigners

2. Showed the Necessity of National Union, and of theReconstruction of the Administrative Machinery of the Empire

GREAT COUNCILS OF KUGES AND DAIMIOS.

1. Their Nature and Organization

2. How they originated

3. In them lay the Germ of the future Constitutional Parliamentof Japan

CHAP. II. (1868-1869). THE RESTORATION

CAUSES OF THE DOWNFALL OF THE SHOGUNATE

1. Revival of Learning

2. Revival of Shintoism

3. Jealousy and Cupidity of the Southern Daimios

THE RESIGNATION OF THE SHOGUN

THE MOTIVE OF HIS RESIGNATION

THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RESTORATION

1. Its Organization

2. Its Departments

FOREIGN POLICY OF THE NEW GOVERNMENT

REMOVAL OF THE CAPITAL TO TOKIO

THE CHARTER OATH OF THE EMPEROR, APRIL 17, 1869

THE KOGISHO

1. Its Origin

2. Its Composition

3. Its Nature

CHAP. III. (1869-1871). THE ABOLITION OF FEUDALISM.

MEMORIAL OF PRESIDENT OF THE KOGISHO

ABOLITION SCHEME OF SCHOLARS IS BACKED BY THE SOUTHERNDAIMIOS

MEMORIAL OF THE SOUTHERN DAIMIOS

IMPERIAL DECREE OF 1871, ABOLISHING FEUDALISM

CAUSES OF THE OVERTHROW OF FEUDALISM

CHAP. IV. INFLUENCES THAT SHAPED THE GROWTH OF THEREPRESENTATIVE IDEA OF GOVERNMENT

JOHN STEWART MILL'S ENUMERATION OF THE SOCIAL CONDITIONSNECESSARY FOR THE SUCCESS OF REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT

JAPAN OF 1871 NOT YET READY FOR THE ADOPTION OF REPRESENTATIVEGOVERNMENT

POLITICAL ACTIVITY OF A NATION NOT ISOLATED FROM OTHER SPHERESOF ITS ACTIVITIES

JAPAN'S POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT GREATLY AIDED BY HER SOCIAL,EDUCATIONAL, INDUSTRIAL AND RELIGIOUS CHANGES

SKETCH OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THESE NON-POLITICAL INSTITUTIONSFROM 1868 TO 1881

1. Means of Communication

a. Telegraph

b. Postal System

c. Railroad

d. Steamers and the Coasting Trade

2. Educational Institutions

3. Newspapers

CHANGES IN LAW AND RELIGION

CHAP. V. (1871-1881). PROGRESS OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL MOVEMENTFROM THE ABOLITION OF FEUDALISM TO THE PROCLAMATION OF OCTOBER 12,1881

LEADERS OF THE RESTORATION

EFFECT OF THE OVERTHROW OF FEUDALISM

THE IWAKURA EMBASSY

IWAKURA, ITO, INOUYE

FUKUZAWA

THE PRESS AND ITS INFLUENCES

RI-SHI-SHA AND COUNT ITAGAKI