Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom
Darwin, Charles, 1809-1882
English
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Below is a summary of Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom
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THE EFFECTS OF CROSS & SELF-FERTILISATION IN THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM.
BY
CHARLES DARWIN, M.A., F.R.S., ETC.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
Various means which favour or determine the cross-fertilisation of
plants.--Benefits derived from cross-fertilisation.--Self-fertilisation
favourable to the propagation of the species.--Brief history of the
subject.--Object of the experiments, and the manner in which they were
tried.--Statistical value of the measurements.--The experiments carried
on during several successive generations.--Nature of the relationship of
the plants in the later generations.--Uniformity of the conditions to
which the plants were subjected.--Some apparent and some real causes of
error.--Amount of pollen employed.--Arrangement of the work.--Importance
of the conclusions.
CHAPTER II.
CONVOLVULACEAE.
Ipomoea purpurea, comparison of the height and fertility of the crossed
and self-fertilised plants during ten successive generations.--Greater
constitutional vigour of the crossed plants.--The effects on the
offspring of crossing different flowers on the same plant, instead of
crossing distinct individuals.--The effects of a cross with a fresh
stock.--The descendants of the self-fertilised plant named
Hero.--Summary on the growth, vigour, and fertility of the successive
crossed and self-fertilised generations.--Small amount of pollen in the
anthers of the self-fertilised plants of the later generations, and the
sterility of their first-produced flowers.--Uniform colour of the
flowers produced by the self-fertilised plants.--The advantage from a
cross between two distinct plants depends on their differing in
constitution.
CHAPTER III.
SCROPHULARIACEAE, GESNERIACEAE, LABIATAE, ETC.
Mimulus luteus; height, vigour, and fertility of the crossed and
self-fertilised plants of the first four generations.--Appearance of a
new, tall, and highly self-fertile variety.--Offspring from a cross
between self-fertilised plants.--Effects of a cross with a fresh
stock.--Effects of crossing flowers on the same plant.--Summary on
Mimulus luteus.--Digitalis purpurea, superiority of the crossed
plants.--Effects of crossing flowers on the same
plant.--Calceolaria.--Linaria vulgaris.--Verbascum thapsus.--Vandellia
nummularifolia.--Cleistogene flowers.--Gesneria pendulina.--Salvia
coccinea.--Origanum vulgare, great increase of the crossed plants by
stolons.--Thunbergia alata.
CHAPTER IV.
CRUCIFERAE, PAPAVERACEAE, RESEDACEAE, ETC.
Brassica oleracea, crossed and self-fertilised plants.--Great effect of
a cross with a fresh stock on the weight of the offspring.--Iberis
umbellata.--Papaver vagum.--Eschscholtzia californica, seedlings from a
cross with a fresh stock not more vigorous, but more fertile than the
self-fertilised seedlings.--Reseda lutea and odorata, many individuals
sterile with their own pollen.--Viola tricolor, wonderful effects of a
cross.--Adonis aestivalis.--Delphinium consolida.--Viscaria oculata,
crossed plants hardly taller, but more fertile than the
self-fertilised.--Dianthus caryophyllus, crossed and self-fertilised
plants compared for four generations.--Great effects of a cross with a
fresh stock.--Uniform colour of the flowers on the self-fertilised
plants.--Hibiscus africanus.
CHAPTER V.
GERANIACEAE, LEGUMINOSAE, ONAGRACEAE, ETC.
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