We will print you a perfectly bound paperback of your selected title and send it to you at your nominated address

E-text prepared by Audrey Longhurst

---

MANUAL OF SHIP SUBSIDIES

AN HISTORICAL SUMMARY OF THE SYSTEMS OF ALL NATIONS

BY

EDWIN M. BACON, A.M.

1911

CONTENTS

CHAPTER                          PAGE
        PREFACE                     7I       INTRODUCTORY                9II      GREAT BRITAIN              11III     FRANCE                     26IV      GERMANY                    37V       HOLLAND-BELGIUM            42VI      AUSTRIA-HUNGARY            44VII     ITALY                      50VIII    SPAIN-PORTUGAL             54IX      DENMARK-NORWAY-SWEDEN      57X       RUSSIA                     59XI      JAPAN-CHINA                63XII     SOUTH AMERICA              68XIII    THE UNITED STATES          69XIV     SUMMARY                    97        INDEX                     101

PREFACE

The intent of this little book is to furnish in compact form the historyof the development of the ship subsidies systems of the maritime nationsof the world, and an outline of the present laws or regulations of thosenations. It is a manual of facts and not of opinions. The author's aimhas been to present impartially the facts as they appear, without coloror prejudice, with a view to providing a practical manual of informationand ready reference. He has gathered the material from documentarysources as far as practicable, and from recognized authorities, Americanand foreign, on the general history of the rise and progress of themercantile marine of the world as well as on the special topic of shipsubsidies. These sources and authorities are named in the footnotes, andvolume and page given so that reference can easily be made to them fordetails impossible to give in the contracted space to which this manualis necessarily confined.

Manual of Ship Subsidies

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTORY

The term subsidy, defined in the dictionaries as a Government grant inaid of a commercial enterprise, is given different shadings of meaningin different countries. In all, however, except Great Britain, it isbroadly accepted as equivalent to a bounty, or a premium, open orconcealed, directly or indirectly paid by Government to individuals orcompanies for the encouragement or fostering of the trade or commerce ofthe nation granting it.

Ship subsidies are in various forms: premiums on construction ofvessels; navigation bounties; trade bounties; fishing bounties; postalsubsidies for the carriage of ocean mails; naval subventions; Government